2016年3月30日 星期三

樹莓派的 Wifi 設定 : 使用迅捷 FW150US

最近跟市圖預約的 "Raspberry Pi 最佳入門與實戰應用" (碁峰, 柯博文) 到館, 拿回來之後翻閱覺得這本確實是實戰之書, 裡面每個課題都是很實用的範例, 而且書附光碟有教學影片, 非常適合有心者自學.

Source : 博客來

這又燃起我心中的 maker 烈火. 找出塵封已久的 Raspberry Pi Type B 主板, 將 SD 卡中當初賣家幫我灌的 NOOBS 格式化掉, 然後去官網下載最新版的 NOOBS v1.9.0 (Kernel 4.1.19 #850, 2016-03-18), 將 ZIP 檔解開後直接在 PC 中複製進去 SD 卡即可, 不用像以前那樣需用 Win32 Disk Imager 去燒錄. 參考 :

樹苺派的 SD 卡與作業系統安裝

作業系統裝入 SD 卡後放進樹莓派裡, 開機即會自動進行安裝. 無線上網部分我按照這本書的 3-3 節說明, 先關電源插入以前那顆可用的 Edimax N8508 無線網卡再重開機, 結果竟然一直都只顯示 IPv6 位址, 沒顯示 IPv4 位址. 第二天早上想要繼續時發現網卡非常燙, 於是關機拔出, 發現溫度高到會燙人! 我想這顆應該毀了. 只好拿出迅捷 FW150US 這顆 CP 值頗高的中國製網卡來用, 但是這顆樹莓派沒支援, 必須自己安裝驅動程式, 參考葉難這篇 :

Raspberry Pi:USB無線網卡迅捷FW150US

但是文中所說的驅動程式已無法下載, 我又找到下面這篇 :

# Raspberry Pi無線網卡設定(rtl8188eu)

但是同樣不能用, 因為新版的 NOOBS 的 Kernel 是 4.1.19 版. 後來終於在下面這篇找到明確的解決辦法 :

# Raspberry Pi – Driver for RTL8179/8188EU

此文中與 Linux 4.1.19 版相應的 8188eu 驅動程式是 20160305 發布的這一版, 只要以下面這五個指令即可順利安裝驅動程式 :

wget https://dl.dropboxusercontent.com/u/80256631/8188eu-20160305.tar.gz

tar -zxvf 8188eu-20160305.tar.gz

sudo install -p -m 644 8188eu.ko /lib/modules/$(uname -r)/kernel/drivers/net/wireless

sudo insmod /lib/modules/$(uname -r)/kernel/drivers/net/wireless/8188eu.ko

sudo depmod -a

https://dl.dropboxusercontent.com/u/80256631/8188eu-20160305.tar.gz


wget https://www.dropbox.com/s/vs6f0w7fkkjhu2s/8188eu-20160305.tar.gz?dl=0

我先用乙太網上網, 依序執行上面五個指令來下載並安裝驅動, 執行紀錄如下 :

login as: pi
pi@192.168.2.104's password:   (預設是 raspberry)

The programs included with the Debian GNU/Linux system are free software;
the exact distribution terms for each program are described in the
individual files in /usr/share/doc/*/copyright.

Debian GNU/Linux comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY, to the extent
permitted by applicable law.
Last login: Tue Mar 29 19:25:40 2016
pi@raspberrypi:~ $ ifconfig       (只看到乙太網卡的 192.168.2.104)
eth0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr b8:27:eb:97:b6:52
          inet addr:192.168.2.104  Bcast:192.168.2.255  Mask:255.255.255.0
          inet6 addr: fe80::873a:49c1:5be0:24db/64 Scope:Link
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          RX packets:77 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:95 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
          RX bytes:7749 (7.5 KiB)  TX bytes:15196 (14.8 KiB)

lo        Link encap:Local Loopback
          inet addr:127.0.0.1  Mask:255.0.0.0
          inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host
          UP LOOPBACK RUNNING  MTU:65536  Metric:1
          RX packets:200 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:200 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
          RX bytes:16656 (16.2 KiB)  TX bytes:16656 (16.2 KiB)

pi@raspberrypi:~ $ lsusb     (查看 USB 裝置 : 還讀不到網卡)
Bus 001 Device 004: ID 0c45:7403 Microdia Foot Switch
Bus 001 Device 003: ID 0424:ec00 Standard Microsystems Corp. SMSC9512/9514 Fast                                                                              Ethernet Adapter
Bus 001 Device 002: ID 0424:9512 Standard Microsystems Corp. LAN9500 Ethernet 10                                                                             /100 Adapter / SMSC9512/9514 Hub
Bus 001 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub
pi@raspberrypi:~ $ uname -a   (顯示 Linux 版本)
Linux raspberrypi 4.1.19+ #858 Tue Mar 15 15:52:03 GMT 2016 armv6l GNU/Linux
pi@raspberrypi:~ $ wget https://dl.dropboxusercontent.com/u/80256631/8188eu-20160305.tar.gz           (下載驅動程式)                                                       --2016-03-29 19:44:43--  https://dl.dropboxusercontent.com/u/80256631/8188eu-20160305.tar.gz
Resolving dl.dropboxusercontent.com (dl.dropboxusercontent.com)... 108.160.172.5
Connecting to dl.dropboxusercontent.com (dl.dropboxusercontent.com)|108.160.172.5|:443... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 411563 (402K) [application/octet-stream]
Saving to: ‘8188eu-20160305.tar.gz’

8188eu-20160305.tar.gz                  100%[==============================================================================>] 401.92K   538KB/s   in 0.7s

2016-03-29 19:44:56 (538 KB/s) - ‘8188eu-20160305.tar.gz’ saved [411563/411563]

pi@raspberrypi:~ $ tar -zxvf 8188eu-20160305.tar.gz  (解壓縮)
8188eu.ko
8188eu.conf
install.sh
pi@raspberrypi:~ $ sudo install -p -m 644 8188eu.ko /lib/modules/$(uname -r)/kernel/drivers/net/wireless   (安裝驅動程式)
pi@raspberrypi:~ $ sudo insmod /lib/modules/$(uname -r)/kernel/drivers/net/wireless/8188eu.ko    (安裝驅動程式)
pi@raspberrypi:~ $ sudo depmod -a
pi@raspberrypi:~ $

哈哈! 沒有錯誤訊息, 這樣驅動程式就安裝成功了! 接下來必須修改網路介面設定檔 /etc/network/interfaces, 加入無線分享器的登入資訊, 用 nano 編輯此檔 :

pi@raspberrypi:~ $ sudo nano /etc/network/interfaces

編輯內容如下, 重點是 SSID 與連線密碼 :

auto lo
iface lo inet loopback

iface eth0 inet manual

allow-hotplug wlan0
auto wlan0

iface wlan0 inet dhcp
wpa-ssid "無線分享器 SSID"
wpa-psk "無線分享器連線密碼"

編好後先按 Ctrl+W 儲存檔案, 按 Enter 後再按 Ctrl+O 跳出 nano 編輯器, 再下 sudo poweroff 關機後重開機登入系統 :

login as: pi
pi@192.168.2.104's password:

The programs included with the Debian GNU/Linux system are free software;
the exact distribution terms for each program are described in the
individual files in /usr/share/doc/*/copyright.

Debian GNU/Linux comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY, to the extent
permitted by applicable law.
Last login: Tue Mar 29 19:48:33 2016
pi@raspberrypi:~ $ lsusb    (顯示 USB 裝置)
Bus 001 Device 005: ID 0bda:8179 Realtek Semiconductor Corp.   (有讀到無線網卡了)
Bus 001 Device 004: ID 0c45:7403 Microdia Foot Switch
Bus 001 Device 003: ID 0424:ec00 Standard Microsystems Corp. SMSC9512/9514 Fast                                                                              Ethernet Adapter
Bus 001 Device 002: ID 0424:9512 Standard Microsystems Corp. LAN9500 Ethernet 10                                                                             /100 Adapter / SMSC9512/9514 Hub
Bus 001 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub
pi@raspberrypi:~ $ ifconfig
eth0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr b8:27:eb:97:b6:52
          inet addr:192.168.2.104  Bcast:192.168.2.255  Mask:255.255.255.0
          inet6 addr: fe80::873a:49c1:5be0:24db/64 Scope:Link
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          RX packets:117 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:123 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
          RX bytes:11528 (11.2 KiB)  TX bytes:19569 (19.1 KiB)

lo        Link encap:Local Loopback
          inet addr:127.0.0.1  Mask:255.0.0.0
          inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host
          UP LOOPBACK RUNNING  MTU:65536  Metric:1
          RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
          RX bytes:0 (0.0 B)  TX bytes:0 (0.0 B)

wlan0     Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 08:57:00:16:88:0c
          inet addr:192.168.2.105  Bcast:192.168.2.255  Mask:255.255.255.0
          inet6 addr: fe80::a57:ff:fe16:880c/64 Scope:Link
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          RX packets:117 errors:0 dropped:57 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:104 errors:0 dropped:1 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
          RX bytes:23031 (22.4 KiB)  TX bytes:17043 (16.6 KiB)

pi@raspberrypi:~ $

可見有讀到無線網卡了, 其 IP 是 912.168.2.105, 在同網域另外一台電腦 ping 這個無線網卡所獲得的 IP 有回應了 :

C:\Users\petertw89>ping 192.168.2.105

Ping 192.168.2.105 (使用 32 位元組的資料):
回覆自 192.168.2.105: 位元組=32 時間=49ms TTL=64
回覆自 192.168.2.105: 位元組=32 時間=1ms TTL=64
回覆自 192.168.2.105: 位元組=32 時間=1ms TTL=64
回覆自 192.168.2.105: 位元組=32 時間=1ms TTL=64

192.168.2.105 的 Ping 統計資料:
    封包: 已傳送 = 4,已收到 = 4, 已遺失 = 0 (0% 遺失),
大約的來回時間 (毫秒):
    最小值 = 1ms,最大值 = 49ms,平均 = 13ms

如果於同網域 PC 再開啟一個 putty 視窗, 連線此無線網卡的 IP, 同樣可以連線 :

login as: pi
pi@192.168.2.105's password:

The programs included with the Debian GNU/Linux system are free software;
the exact distribution terms for each program are described in the
individual files in /usr/share/doc/*/copyright.

Debian GNU/Linux comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY, to the extent
permitted by applicable law.
Last login: Tue Mar 29 19:50:57 2016 from 192.168.2.110
pi@raspberrypi:~ $

使用 sudo iwlist wlan0 scan 指令可以掃描附近有哪些無線基地台 :

pi@raspberrypi:~ $ sudo iwlist wlan0 scan
wlan0     Scan completed :
          Cell 01 - Address: 80:1F:02:2D:5A:XX
                    ESSID:"EDIMAX-tony"
                    Protocol:IEEE 802.11bgn
                    Mode:Master
                    Frequency:2.462 GHz (Channel 11)
                    Encryption key:on
                    Bit Rates:108 Mb/s
                    Extra:wpa_ie=dd160050f20101000050f20201000050f20201000050f202
                    IE: WPA Version 1
                        Group Cipher : TKIP
                        Pairwise Ciphers (1) : TKIP
                        Authentication Suites (1) : PSK
                    Extra:rsn_ie=30180100000fac020200000fac02000fac040100000fac020000
                    IE: IEEE 802.11i/WPA2 Version 1
                        Group Cipher : TKIP
                        Pairwise Ciphers (2) : TKIP CCMP
                        Authentication Suites (1) : PSK
                    IE: Unknown: DD7F0050F204104A0001101044000101103B0001031047001063041253101920061228801F022D5A9E102100001023000752544C387878781024000D45562D323030392D30322D30361042000F3132333435363738393031323334371054000800060050F20400011011000F576972656C65737320526F75746572100800020086
                    Quality=2/100  Signal level=34/100
          Cell 02 - Address: E8:DE:27:60:1A:XX
                    ESSID:"TP-LINK_601A04"
                    Protocol:IEEE 802.11bgn
                    Mode:Master
                    Frequency:2.412 GHz (Channel 1)
                    Encryption key:on
                    Bit Rates:300 Mb/s
                    Extra:wpa_ie=dd160050f20101000050f20401000050f20401000050f202
                    IE: WPA Version 1
                        Group Cipher : CCMP
                        Pairwise Ciphers (1) : CCMP
                        Authentication Suites (1) : PSK
                    Extra:rsn_ie=30140100000fac040100000fac040100000fac020000
                    IE: IEEE 802.11i/WPA2 Version 1
                        Group Cipher : CCMP
                        Pairwise Ciphers (1) : CCMP
                        Authentication Suites (1) : PSK
                    IE: Unknown: DDA50050F204104A0001101044000102103B00010310470010000102030405060708090A0B0C0D0E0F1021000754502D4C494E4B10230014544C2D57523934304E2F544C2D57523934314E4410240003352E3010420003312E301054000800060050F20400011011001A576972656C65737320526F7574657220544C2D57523934314E44100800020086103C000101104900140024E26002000101600000020001600100020001
                    Quality:0  Signal level:0  Noise level:0
          Cell 03 - Address: 74:DA:38:15:16:XX
                    ESSID:"edimax.setup"
                    Protocol:IEEE 802.11bg
                    Mode:Master
                    Frequency:2.457 GHz (Channel 10)
                    Encryption key:on
                    Bit Rates:54 Mb/s
                    Extra:wpa_ie=dd160050f20101000050f20201000050f20201000050f202
                    IE: WPA Version 1
                        Group Cipher : TKIP
                        Pairwise Ciphers (1) : TKIP
                        Authentication Suites (1) : PSK
                    Quality:0  Signal level:0  Noise level:0
          Cell 04 - Address: 9C:D6:43:65:28:XX
                    ESSID:"CHT Wi-Fi(HiNet)"
                    Protocol:IEEE 802.11bgn
                    Mode:Master
                    Frequency:2.457 GHz (Channel 10)
                    Encryption key:off
                    Bit Rates:144 Mb/s
                    Quality:0  Signal level:0  Noise level:0


這樣就完成迅捷 FW150US 網卡驅動程式安裝, 可以拔掉乙太網線了.

參考 :

# [基礎] 命令列設置無線網路
# Raspberry Pi 的基礎 - 使用 Wi-Fi 無線網卡連上網路 
# Problem wpa_supplicant rapsberry pi 2
使用no-ip申請域名讓浮動IP也能架設網站
1.4 有線 或 無線 的DHCP 設定或固定IP設定 (學習樹苺派)
# 在 Windows 設置 Raspberry Pi (樹莓派) 遠端編輯環境
# 使用no-ip申請域名讓浮動IP也能架設網站
# 如何在無線路由器上設定 DDNS(DynDNS)
# 社區網路 DDNS 無解問題
# NOIP申請完,架設FTP


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